S.-born peers to have a physician visit (P < .05) or nonphysician visit (P < .001), and that Spanish-speaking Hispanics are less likely than English speakers to have a nonphysician visit (P < .001). The North Atlantic Treaty (1949) established a defensive alliance among a number of West European nations and the United States. Toward the end of the century, with the rapid expansion of railroads, agriculture, and mining in the Southwest and with the exclusion of Chinese workers in 1882 and later the Japanese, Mexicans became preferred sources of cheap and mobile migrant labor—at about the same time that capitalist development in Mexico under the government of Porfirio Díaz was creating a landless peasantry.